What is a 'default judgment' in civil procedure?

A 'default judgment' in civil procedure refers to a judgment entered against a party who fails to respond to a claim within the specified time frame prescribed by the court rules. When a defendant does not file a response or takes the required steps to contest the allegations, the plaintiff can request the court to issue a default judgment in their favor. This process is generally designed to ensure that courts can efficiently manage cases and provide relief to parties who have properly initiated legal proceedings.

This definition aligns with the fundamental purpose of default judgments, which serve as a mechanism to prevent delays in the legal process when one party does not participate in the proceedings. It underscores the importance of timely responses in civil litigation, as failing to engage with the suit can lead to significant consequences, including the loss of the right to contest the claims made.

The other choices do not capture the essence of a default judgment accurately. For instance, while a judgment might be executed without a hearing in some contexts, this does not specifically describe a default judgment. Similarly, judgments that are appealed due to procedural errors or those issued after a trial are distinct legal concepts and do not relate to the implications of failing to respond to a claim.